Recapitulation is a repetition, with or without modification, at or near the end of a musical composition of a theme from early in the work. It is a widely used structural component that resolves the tensions created within a work by reintroducing familiar material and thus creating a psychological sense of satisfaction for listeners.
The term recapitulation also refers to the final of the three main sections in sonata form, following the exposition and development sections. The recapitulation is often followed by a coda.
The modifications of the original theme can include omissions of part of it, variations in its order, harmony, texture or mode, or even the addition of new thematic material. However, just as at least some reflection or hint of the original theme always remains, the recapitulation (or else the coda) likewise usually returns to the same key as the original theme.
There has been a long-term evolution with regard to recapitulation. Whereas earlier composers generally used stricter restatements of their earlier themes, later composers increasingly modified their themes, while skillfully maintaining structural integrity, in order to enhance the overall emotional effects.